Cyprus has transitioned to a universal healthcare system called the General Healthcare System (GHS), replacing its historically dual public-private model that relied heavily on out-of-pocket payments. Under the GHS, residents contribute to a national fund based on income, ensuring access to medical care based on health needs rather than financial means. Enrollment requires registration through an online portal where beneficiaries select a Personal Doctor who coordinates their care.

The system mandates co-payments for services such as specialist visits and prescriptions, though these are capped annually to protect families from excessive costs. Contributions vary by employment status, with rates deducted automatically from earnings, and the state provides a significant funding portion. EU citizens residing legally in Cyprus can register for the GHS, while non-EU nationals must meet specific residency criteria to qualify.

Certain groups, including non-EU students and asylum seekers, have different arrangements: non-EU students must maintain private insurance, while asylum seekers receive free basic care through separate state provisions. The centralized e-prescription and referral system aims to streamline care delivery within both public and private contracted providers.