Turkey is renewing its efforts to acquire F-35 fighter jets and American engines for its KAAN fighter aircraft. Former President Donald Trump has hinted at potential relaxation of restrictions, citing his close ties with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. However, the critical obstacle remains the US legislation that blocks Turkey’s participation in the F-35 program due to its purchase of Russian S-400 missile systems.

Congress shows no inclination to disregard these legal restrictions despite executive branch pressure, highlighting a major political and security issue. Meanwhile, Greece and Cyprus are advancing their defense capabilities with significant investments in modern weaponry and closer cooperation with Western allies. Greece is enhancing its air force with F-35s and Rafale jets, while Cyprus is improving its air and naval bases and lifting previous defense embargoes.

European defense funding through the SAFE program is also being channeled to Greece and Cyprus, strengthening their strategic positions. Turkey’s stance, complicated by its choice to buy Russian systems, keeps it largely excluded from these Western defense advancements. The evolving dynamic underscores that deterrence is built through alliances, resources, and sustained effort rather than political rhetoric alone.